New research analyzing ancient lava flows fractured by tectonic activity in Turkey has provided fresh insight into how continents deform over time, enhancing understanding of regional earthquake risks. Conducted by Curtin University in collaboration with Konya Technical University, Heidelberg University, and the University of Toronto, the study focuses on the Tuz Gölü Fault Zone—a more than 200-kilometer-long geological feature visible from space.

Published in Communications Earth Environment, the study confirms that the Tuz Gölü Fault is an extensional fault, not a strike-slip fault as previously believed. Instead of sliding past each other, the landmasses on either side of the fault are gradually moving apart at a rate of about one millimeter per year.

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Professor Axel Schmitt, lead author from Curtin’s John de Laeter Center and School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, explained that this breakthrough resolves a long-standing debate about the fault’s motion. By reconstructing the shapes and ages of lava flows from the Hasandağ volcano that once crossed the fault and were later split by seismic activity, researchers could track the displacement over time.

To achieve this, the team employed high-precision dating methods using zircon crystals in the lava, which act as natural geological clocks. These crystals capture helium generated by the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium, allowing scientists to determine when the lava erupted and how far it has shifted since.

Associate Professor Martin Danišík noted that measuring these elements enables accurate timelines for volcanic and tectonic events, while remote sensing expert Janet Harvey highlighted the value of landscape deformation studies, especially in fault zones like Tuz Gölü where major quakes are infrequent.

Located at the intersection of the Eurasian, Arabian, and African tectonic plates, the Tuz Gölü Fault offers a critical window into the mechanisms that distribute strain during continental collisions. The findings challenge past geological assumptions and contribute to broader efforts to refine global models of crustal deformation, with implications for regions along the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt and beyond.